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Resolving Bilibili’s major site incident with OpenResty XRay

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When Lua IPC Pipes Block OpenResty or Nginx's Event Loops

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The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 1 of 3)

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Automatic Analysis Reports in OpenResty XRay

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Introduction to Lua-Land CPU Flame Graphs

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Memory Fragmentation in OpenResty and Nginx's Shared Memory Zones

nginx13 mins read

How OpenResty and Nginx Shared Memory Zones Consume RAM

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How OpenResty and Nginx Allocate and Manage Memory

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OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Pinpointing hottest Lua code paths in online OpenResty/Nginx servers (using OpenResty XRay)

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest Lua code paths
Automatic analysis and reports

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest Lua code paths
Automatic analysis and reports

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

How we solved a CPU bottleneck caused by Lua exceptions in a custom Kong plugin (using OpenResty XRay)

openresty-xray exceptions lua kong nginx cpu openresty

The problem: high CPU usage in Kong servers
The analysis & report
The result: improved performance and reduced CPU usage

The problem: high CPU usage in Kong servers
The analysis & report
The result: improved performance and reduced CPU usage

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 7 mins read

Memory and CPU usage statistics among Kong plugins online (using OpenResty XRay)

openresty-xray kong nginx openresty lua memory cpu

CPU usage among all Kong plugins in a server process
Memory usage among all Kong plugins in a server process
Extra overhead for the servers

CPU usage among all Kong plugins in a server process
Memory usage among all Kong plugins in a server process
Extra overhead for the servers

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Troubleshooting the extra 200-ms request latency online

openresty-xray latency network smarkt-packet-capture nginx openresty

The Problem
The Analsysis Process
Fully-automated analysis
What is OpenResty XRay

The Problem
The Analsysis Process
Fully-automated analysis
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

Pinpointing leaked Lua tables with OpenResty XRay's command-line tools

openresty memory-leak openresty-xray case-study

How LuaJIT manages memory
OpenResty XRay’s command-line tools
An leaking example
Analysis procedure
lj-gco-ref analyzer
Fully-automated analysis

How LuaJIT manages memory
OpenResty XRay’s command-line tools
An leaking example
Analysis procedure
lj-gco-ref analyzer
Fully-automated analysis

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 8 mins read

Real-Time Request Counting against Nginx Processes via YSQL

openresty-xray ysql nginx openresty

How to install the run-ysql tool
Count total requests served in real time
Filter out specific requests
Using YSQL in the Web Console
True non-invasive tracing

How to install the run-ysql tool
Count total requests served in real time
Filter out specific requests
Using YSQL in the Web Console
True non-invasive tracing

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

How to deploy the on-premises version of OpenResty XRay on Microsoft's Azure cloud

tutorial openresty-xray azure

Create a subscription and a resource group
Create the Azure Kubernetes service
Prepare the environment variables
Log in to Azure from the command line
Create the namespace and secret for Kubernetes
Create the Azure Disk
Update the configuration file for the persistent volume
Update the Kubernetes configuration file
Create the persistent volume
Deploy the Kubernetes service
Configure the application gateway

Create a subscription and a resource group
Create the Azure Kubernetes service
Prepare the environment variables
Log in to Azure from the command line
Create the namespace and secret for Kubernetes
Create the Azure Disk
Update the configuration file for the persistent volume
Update the Kubernetes configuration file
Create the persistent volume
Deploy the Kubernetes service
Configure the application gateway

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

When Lua IPC Pipes Block OpenResty or Nginx's Event Loops

openresty-xray nginx lua openresty off-cpu

The Problem
Analyses
Solutions
Results

The Problem
Analyses
Solutions
Results

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 26 mins read

The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 1 of 3)

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray

Dynamic Tracing
What It Is
Too Good to be True?
How it Works
Still Having Doubts?
The Advantages of Dynamic Tracing
DTrace
SystemTap
DTrace and SystemTap
Applications of SystemTap in Production

Dynamic Tracing
What It Is
Too Good to be True?
How it Works
Still Having Doubts?
The Advantages of Dynamic Tracing
DTrace
SystemTap
DTrace and SystemTap
Applications of SystemTap in Production

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 15 mins read

The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 2 of 3)

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray

Flame Graphs
Methodology
Knowledge Is Power
Open-Source and Debug Symbols

Flame Graphs
Methodology
Knowledge Is Power
Open-Source and Debug Symbols

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 7 mins read

The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 3 of 3)

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray

Dynamic Tracing Support in Linux Kernels
Hardware Tracing
Analyze Remains of Dead Process
Traditional Debugging Technologies
A Messy World of Debugging
OpenResty XRay

Dynamic Tracing Support in Linux Kernels
Hardware Tracing
Analyze Remains of Dead Process
Traditional Debugging Technologies
A Messy World of Debugging
OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 8 mins read

Optimize Memory Fragmentation due to Huge Nginx Configuration

openresty-xray reports cdn nginx openresty memory-fragmentation

Challenges
Analyses
Solutions
Results

Challenges
Analyses
Solutions
Results

OpenResty XRay Feb 7, 2023

OpenResty XRay Updated Feb 7, 2023 1 min read

New FAQ Doc for OpenResty XRay

openresty-xray faq

We recently prepared a new FAQ document for OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Aug 28, 2023

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 28, 2023 10 mins read

Automatic Analysis Reports in OpenResty XRay

openresty-xray reports

The Past
The Present
The Future

The Past
The Present
The Future

OpenResty XRay Jun 27, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 27, 2025 6 mins read

Resolving Bilibili’s major site incident with OpenResty XRay

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray bilibili

The incident
Process of resolution
Hardening after the incident
OpenResty XRay Services

The incident
Process of resolution
Hardening after the incident
OpenResty XRay Services

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 11 mins read

Tracing the Slowest PCRE Regular Expressions in OpenResty or Nginx Processes

openresty regexes openresty-xray dynamic-tracing nginx

System Environment
Narrowing Down the Culprit without Guessing
Limiting the execution overhead of PCRE
Non-Backtracking Regular Expression Engines
Lua’s Builtin Patterns
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

System Environment
Narrowing Down the Culprit without Guessing
Limiting the execution overhead of PCRE
Non-Backtracking Regular Expression Engines
Lua’s Builtin Patterns
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 9 mins read

Listing Loaded Lua Modules in OpenResty or Nginx Processes

ylua openresty-xray openresty nginx lua dynamic-tracing

System Environment
Names of Loaded Lua Modules
Running Directly in the Web Console
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

System Environment
Names of Loaded Lua Modules
Running Directly in the Web Console
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 12 mins read

Analyzing the Most CPU-Consuming Requests in OpenResty or Nginx

openresty tutorial cpu nginx openresty-xray ysql

System Environment
CPU-Hottest Request Hostnames
CPU-Hottest Request URIs
Digging Deeper
Running Directly in the Web Console
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

System Environment
CPU-Hottest Request Hostnames
CPU-Hottest Request URIs
Digging Deeper
Running Directly in the Web Console
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 14 mins read

Ylang: Universal Language for eBPF, Stap+, GDB, and More (Part 4 of 4)

ylang openresty-xray dynamic-tracing

Transparent Container Tracing
Efficient Stack Unwinding
Analyzing Dead Processes (Core Dumps)
Very Low Tracing Overhead
Standard Ylang Libraries & Tools
Network Filtering & Control
The Ylang Compiler’s Implementation
Operating System Support
Contributions to Open-Source Communities

Transparent Container Tracing
Efficient Stack Unwinding
Analyzing Dead Processes (Core Dumps)
Very Low Tracing Overhead
Standard Ylang Libraries & Tools
Network Filtering & Control
The Ylang Compiler’s Implementation
Operating System Support
Contributions to Open-Source Communities

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 10 mins read

Ylang: Universal Language for eBPF, Stap+, GDB, and More (Part 3 of 4)

ylang openresty-xray dynamic-tracing

The Language Syntax (Continued)
- String Literals
- Built-in Regex Support
- Full Control-Flow Support
- Floating-Point Number Support
- Compared to Open-Source Toolchains
Transparent Debug Symbol Handling
- Debug Symbols: No Runtime Overhead
- Centralized Package Database
- Fuzzy Matching Debug Symbols

The Language Syntax (Continued)
- String Literals
- Built-in Regex Support
- Full Control-Flow Support
- Floating-Point Number Support
- Compared to Open-Source Toolchains
Transparent Debug Symbol Handling
- Debug Symbols: No Runtime Overhead
- Centralized Package Database
- Fuzzy Matching Debug Symbols

OpenResty XRay Dec 3, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Dec 3, 2025 11 mins read

Deconstructing the LuaJIT Pseudo Memory Leak

memory openresty-xray luajit

Defining Pseudo Memory Leak
Beyond Crashes, Architectural Unpredictability
Why Code Optimization Is No Longer Effective?
From Passive Retention to Proactive Reclamation
Enabling Memory to Breathe

Defining Pseudo Memory Leak
Beyond Crashes, Architectural Unpredictability
Why Code Optimization Is No Longer Effective?
From Passive Retention to Proactive Reclamation
Enabling Memory to Breathe

OpenResty XRay Dec 2, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Dec 2, 2025 8 mins read

How We Pinpointed a 244ms Latency Spike in a 500k QPS OpenResty Gateway

openresty-xray qps p99 cpu

When Traditional Monitoring Fails to Pinpoint the Root Cause
From Heuristics to the Power of Dynamic Observability
Quantifiable Engineering Efficiency and Resource Optimization Results
Building Continuous Performance Observability

When Traditional Monitoring Fails to Pinpoint the Root Cause
From Heuristics to the Power of Dynamic Observability
Quantifiable Engineering Efficiency and Resource Optimization Results
Building Continuous Performance Observability

OpenResty XRay Nov 11, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Nov 11, 2025 9 mins read

How OpenResty XRay Pinpointed Java Memory Issues

openresty-xray java memory

Background and Problem
Systematic Diagnostic Path: From Leak to Jitter
Diagnostic Efficiency and System Improvements
Why Choose OpenResty XRay for Java Application Memory Analysis?

Background and Problem
Systematic Diagnostic Path: From Leak to Jitter
Diagnostic Efficiency and System Improvements
Why Choose OpenResty XRay for Java Application Memory Analysis?

OpenResty XRay Dec 2, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Dec 2, 2025 8 mins read

When a "Black Box" Plugin Consumes 45% CPU: How We Pinpointed Lua Line 93 Without Source Code

casestudy openresty-xray rsa

When perf Meets the Black Box
From Sampling to Full-Stack Dynamic Tracing
Uncovering the Evidence Trail
From What happene to Why
Summary

When perf Meets the Black Box
From Sampling to Full-Stack Dynamic Tracing
Uncovering the Evidence Trail
From What happene to Why
Summary

OpenResty XRay Oct 31, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Oct 31, 2025 2 mins read

OpenResty XRay Version 25.10.11 Now Available

openresty-xray releases

Three Key Highlights
Enhanced Diagnostic Accuracy and Stability
Usability and Security Enhancements

Three Key Highlights
Enhanced Diagnostic Accuracy and Stability
Usability and Security Enhancements

OpenResty XRay Oct 27, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Oct 27, 2025 9 mins read

How to Pinpoint the Hidden Cost of Gzip Configuration with OpenResty XRay

casestudy openresty-xray gzip cpu

Performance Issues Often Lurk in Unexpected Places
How OpenResty XRay Uncovers the Root Cause
Quantifying Performance Bottlenecks
From Experience to Methodology

Performance Issues Often Lurk in Unexpected Places
How OpenResty XRay Uncovers the Root Cause
Quantifying Performance Bottlenecks
From Experience to Methodology

OpenResty XRay Dec 2, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Dec 2, 2025 4 mins read

How to use OpenResty XRay to quickly pinpoint memory leaks in C++ process

case-study openresty-xray Nginx c++

Technical Predicament and Initial Diagnosis
Flame Graphs: Pinpointing Memory Leak Hotspots
From Reactive to Proactive: XRay’s New Approach to Troubleshooting
The OpenResty XRay Closed-Loop Approach

Technical Predicament and Initial Diagnosis
Flame Graphs: Pinpointing Memory Leak Hotspots
From Reactive to Proactive: XRay’s New Approach to Troubleshooting
The OpenResty XRay Closed-Loop Approach

OpenResty XRay Oct 10, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Oct 10, 2025 4 mins read

Building a Non-Invasive Java Function Profiler with OpenResty XRay

openresty-xray java probe

What is Non-Intrusive Function Probing?
What Makes OpenResty XRay’s Non-Intrusive Probes Unique?
Hands-on Demo: Monitoring Function Parameters
Technical Advantages and Use Cases

What is Non-Intrusive Function Probing?
What Makes OpenResty XRay’s Non-Intrusive Probes Unique?
Hands-on Demo: Monitoring Function Parameters
Technical Advantages and Use Cases

OpenResty XRay Sep 25, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Sep 25, 2025 6 mins read

How OpenResty XRay Pinpoints the Toughest Problems with Minimal Data

openresty-xray dynamic-tracing analyzer

More Data Doesn’t Mean More Insight
The Difference of OpenResty XRay
XRay Real-world Use Cases

More Data Doesn’t Mean More Insight
The Difference of OpenResty XRay
XRay Real-world Use Cases

OpenResty XRay Sep 15, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Sep 15, 2025 5 mins read

OpenResty XRay Reduces Usage to 40% with a Flame Graph for Financial Services

tutorial openresty-xray perl memory

Pinpointing Memory Leak Root Causes with a Flame Graph
Significant Optimization Achievements
Further Reading
Summary

Pinpointing Memory Leak Root Causes with a Flame Graph
Significant Optimization Achievements
Further Reading
Summary

OpenResty XRay Sep 23, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Sep 23, 2025 9 mins read

How OpenResty XRay's Node.js Function Probes Enable a New Monitoring Paradigm

openresty-xray Node.js

Why You Need a New Paradigm for Non-Invasive Function Probes
Hands-on Demo: Monitoring Function Parameters
How Top Teams Leverage Non-Intrusive Probes to Boost Engineering Efficiency

Why You Need a New Paradigm for Non-Invasive Function Probes
Hands-on Demo: Monitoring Function Parameters
How Top Teams Leverage Non-Intrusive Probes to Boost Engineering Efficiency

OpenResty XRay Sep 2, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Sep 2, 2025 8 mins read

Application Lagging? OpenResty XRay: Instantly Uncover the Truth Behind 75ms Blockages

openresty-xray casestudy lua nginx off-cpu

Unraveling Performance Puzzles: CPU Resource Contention Comes to Light
The Real Culprit Revealed: Blocking Lua I/O Operations
Quantitative Analysis: The Impact of File IO Performance
Deep Dive: Understanding Event Loop Blocking in Nginx

Unraveling Performance Puzzles: CPU Resource Contention Comes to Light
The Real Culprit Revealed: Blocking Lua I/O Operations
Quantitative Analysis: The Impact of File IO Performance
Deep Dive: Understanding Event Loop Blocking in Nginx

OpenResty XRay Aug 5, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 5, 2025 4 mins read

Double Bottleneck Concurrency? OpenResty XRay Multi-dimensional Analysis Solves Performance Challenges

casestudy openresty-xray gzip cpu

Overall CPU Usage Analysis
In-depth Module Analysis
Analysis of Compression Strategies
Analysis Conclusions
Optimization Solutions

Overall CPU Usage Analysis
In-depth Module Analysis
Analysis of Compression Strategies
Analysis Conclusions
Optimization Solutions

OpenResty XRay Oct 14, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Oct 14, 2025 8 mins read

Analyzing CPU Usage in Online Node.js Applications (Using OpenResty XRay)

openresty-xray Node.js memory cpu

High CPU Usage Issues in Node.js Applications
CPU Blocking Issues in Node.js Applications
Automated Sampling and Expert Analysis
Performance Impact and Overhead
Future Plans

High CPU Usage Issues in Node.js Applications
CPU Blocking Issues in Node.js Applications
Automated Sampling and Expert Analysis
Performance Impact and Overhead
Future Plans

OpenResty XRay Jul 10, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jul 10, 2025 10 mins read

How OpenResty XRay Thoroughly Analyzes Nginx Memory Corruption Issues

casestudy openresty-xray undo coredump memory nginx

A Nginx Crash Case That Kept the Operations Team Up All Night
How to Use OpenResty XRay to Precisely Capture the First Scene of Memory Corruption
How Secondary Development Accidentally Broke Nginx’s Lifecycle Management

A Nginx Crash Case That Kept the Operations Team Up All Night
How to Use OpenResty XRay to Precisely Capture the First Scene of Memory Corruption
How Secondary Development Accidentally Broke Nginx’s Lifecycle Management

OpenResty XRay May 23, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated May 23, 2025 9 mins read

How UDB and OpenResty XRay Let You See Through the Entire Perl Code Execution Process

openresty-xray undo perl udb

What is UDB?
Hands-on: Analyzing Perl Application Call Stacks with OpenResty XRay and UDB
Why More Developers Are Choosing UDB?
Summary

What is UDB?
Hands-on: Analyzing Perl Application Call Stacks with OpenResty XRay and UDB
Why More Developers Are Choosing UDB?
Summary

OpenResty XRay May 23, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated May 23, 2025 9 mins read

UDB + OpenResty XRay: Unlocking the Mystery of OpenResty Application Performance

openresty-xray undo lua udb

How OpenResty XRay Enhances Efficiency with UDB
Hands-On: Analyzing OpenResty Lua Call Stacks with UDB and OpenResty XRay
Advantages of Time-Travel Debugging
Summary

How OpenResty XRay Enhances Efficiency with UDB
Hands-On: Analyzing OpenResty Lua Call Stacks with UDB and OpenResty XRay
Advantages of Time-Travel Debugging
Summary

OpenResty XRay May 23, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated May 23, 2025 8 mins read

UDB and OpenResty XRay: How to Analyze File Operations in Java Applications

openresty-xray undo java udb

What is UDB?
Power Duo: UDB Meets OpenResty XRay
Hands-On Tutorial: Analyzing Java Application File Operations with OpenResty XRay and UDB
Conclusion

What is UDB?
Power Duo: UDB Meets OpenResty XRay
Hands-On Tutorial: Analyzing Java Application File Operations with OpenResty XRay and UDB
Conclusion

OpenResty XRay May 23, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated May 23, 2025 5 mins read

Unveiling Python Code Execution with UDB

openresty-xray undo python udb

The Unique Value of UDB in Python Debugging
Enhancing Debugging Capabilities with OpenResty XRay
Real-World Example: Analyzing Python Network Request Call Stacks
Summary

The Unique Value of UDB in Python Debugging
Enhancing Debugging Capabilities with OpenResty XRay
Real-World Example: Analyzing Python Network Request Call Stacks
Summary

OpenResty XRay Jul 8, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jul 8, 2025 6 mins read

Case Study: How to Trace a Memory Leak Caused by an LRU Cache Using OpenResty XRay

casestudy openresty-xray lru memory

The Silent Killer: How Invisible Memory Leaks Threaten Business Stability
A Deep Dive into a Memory Leak Investigation
From Predicament to Breakthrough: A Pinpoint Diagnosis

The Silent Killer: How Invisible Memory Leaks Threaten Business Stability
A Deep Dive into a Memory Leak Investigation
From Predicament to Breakthrough: A Pinpoint Diagnosis

OpenResty XRay Jul 2, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jul 2, 2025 6 mins read

Performance Breakthrough: 60% DNS Optimization Success with OpenResty XRay

tutorial openresty-xray customer-story casestudy

When the “Lifeline” DNS Service Faces a Performance Crisis
How to Investigate the Culprit Step by Step with OpenResty XRay
Precision “Treatment”: Three Steps to Rebirth
Summary: What We Achieved in Just a Few Minutes
What is OpenResty XRay

When the “Lifeline” DNS Service Faces a Performance Crisis
How to Investigate the Culprit Step by Step with OpenResty XRay
Precision “Treatment”: Three Steps to Rebirth
Summary: What We Achieved in Just a Few Minutes
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jul 2, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jul 2, 2025 10 mins read

The Swiss Army Knife for Dynamic Tracing, How Ylang Tames Complexity

tutorial openresty-xray Ylang dynamic-tracing

Industry Pain Point: Why We Desperately Need a New Tracing Language
The Core Tech: What Makes Y Language a Game-Changer?
Ylang Syntax: The Familiarity of C, The Power of Advanced Tracing
Killer Applications: Solving Problems Beyond the Reach of Traditional Tools
Universal Platform Support: Y Lang Goes Everywhere
Compiler Wizardry: Forging a Superior Language with Superior Tools

Industry Pain Point: Why We Desperately Need a New Tracing Language
The Core Tech: What Makes Y Language a Game-Changer?
Ylang Syntax: The Familiarity of C, The Power of Advanced Tracing
Killer Applications: Solving Problems Beyond the Reach of Traditional Tools
Universal Platform Support: Y Lang Goes Everywhere
Compiler Wizardry: Forging a Superior Language with Superior Tools

OpenResty XRay Jun 27, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 27, 2025 4 mins read

Major Breakthrough for OpenResty XRay: Non-Intrusive Analysis of Java Application Memory & Envoy Lua Performance

tutorial openresty-xray Ylang dynamic-tracing

Gain Complete Insight into Java Application Memory, Non-Intrusively
Unlocking the Lua Performance Black Box Inside Envoy
The Road Ahead

Gain Complete Insight into Java Application Memory, Non-Intrusively
Unlocking the Lua Performance Black Box Inside Envoy
The Road Ahead

OpenResty XRay Oct 14, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Oct 14, 2025 11 mins read

Why Dynamic Tracing is the Future of Production Troubleshooting

tutorial openresty-xray Ylang dynamic-tracing

The Unseen Crisis in Modern Software
Why Traditional Tools Are Failing
Dynamic Tracing: The New Paradigm for Troubleshooting
The OpenResty XRay Difference
From Firefighting to True Observability

The Unseen Crisis in Modern Software
Why Traditional Tools Are Failing
Dynamic Tracing: The New Paradigm for Troubleshooting
The OpenResty XRay Difference
From Firefighting to True Observability

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 10 mins read

Deep Dive into Dynamic Tracing Technology: How OpenResty XRay Revolutionizes Problem Diagnosis

tutorial openresty-xray Ylang dynamic-tracing

Dynamic Tracing: A Powerful Tool for Solving Complex System Issues
Why Choose OpenResty XRay?
Product Focus: XRay Applications in Real-World Scenarios
Common Misconceptions and FAQs: What You Might Want to Know About Dynamic Tracing

Dynamic Tracing: A Powerful Tool for Solving Complex System Issues
Why Choose OpenResty XRay?
Product Focus: XRay Applications in Real-World Scenarios
Common Misconceptions and FAQs: What You Might Want to Know About Dynamic Tracing

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 7 mins read

The Next Stop for Observability: How OpenResty XRay Redefines Problem Troubleshooting

tutorial openresty-xray Ylang dynamic-tracing

Why is Problem Troubleshooting Becoming Increasingly Difficult in Modern Software Architecture?
Trend Insights: The Future of Observability Technology
How Does Dynamic Tracing Technology Break Through Abstraction Layers?
Use Case: Real-time Statistics of Plugin Resource Consumption in Production Kong Services
Conclusion

Why is Problem Troubleshooting Becoming Increasingly Difficult in Modern Software Architecture?
Trend Insights: The Future of Observability Technology
How Does Dynamic Tracing Technology Break Through Abstraction Layers?
Use Case: Real-time Statistics of Plugin Resource Consumption in Production Kong Services
Conclusion

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 7 mins read

Traditional Methods vs. Dynamic Tracing: A Revolution in Efficiency and Control

tutorial openresty-xray Ylang dynamic-tracing

A Revolution in Efficiency and Control
Dynamic Tracing: X-Ray Vision for Your Systems
From Flame Graphs to System Panorama
Why Choose OpenResty XRay?
The Future of Observability: New Frontiers in Dynamic Tracing

A Revolution in Efficiency and Control
Dynamic Tracing: X-Ray Vision for Your Systems
From Flame Graphs to System Panorama
Why Choose OpenResty XRay?
The Future of Observability: New Frontiers in Dynamic Tracing

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 10 mins read

Why is Dynamic Tracing Difficult to Implement? How Does OpenResty XRay Break Through?

tutorial openresty-xray Ylang dynamic-tracing

Why is Problem Troubleshooting Becoming Increasingly Difficult in Modern Software Architecture?
Trend Insights: The Future of Observability Technology
How Does Dynamic Tracing Technology Break Through Abstraction Layers?
Use Case: Real-time Statistics of Plugin Resource Consumption in Production Kong Services
Conclusion

Why is Problem Troubleshooting Becoming Increasingly Difficult in Modern Software Architecture?
Trend Insights: The Future of Observability Technology
How Does Dynamic Tracing Technology Break Through Abstraction Layers?
Use Case: Real-time Statistics of Plugin Resource Consumption in Production Kong Services
Conclusion

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

From Black Box to White Box: OpenResty XRay Makes System Issues Nowhere to Hide

tutorial openresty-xray

A Dynamic Tracing Tool That Turns Black Boxes into White Boxes
Comprehensive Multi-dimensional Analysis Capabilities
Real-World Case Studies
Product Vision

A Dynamic Tracing Tool That Turns Black Boxes into White Boxes
Comprehensive Multi-dimensional Analysis Capabilities
Real-World Case Studies
Product Vision

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

OpenResty XRay Empowers LLVM clang Performance Optimization Practices

tutorial openresty-xray

What is LLVM/clang
OpenResty XRay Analysis Process
Optimization Implementation and Results
Conclusion

What is LLVM/clang
OpenResty XRay Analysis Process
Optimization Implementation and Results
Conclusion

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

Self-Optimization: The Performance Evolution of OpenResty XRay

tutorial openresty-xray

Challenges and Pain Points
OpenResty XRay’s Self-Analysis Process
Remarkable Optimization Results
Technical Insights and Business Value
Conclusion

Challenges and Pain Points
OpenResty XRay’s Self-Analysis Process
Remarkable Optimization Results
Technical Insights and Business Value
Conclusion

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

OpenResty XRay Helps Boost Script Performance by 44 Times

tutorial ylang openresty-xray analyzer

From Bottleneck Discovery to Significant Speed Improvement
How OpenResty XRay Works
Comparison with Traditional Methods

From Bottleneck Discovery to Significant Speed Improvement
How OpenResty XRay Works
Comparison with Traditional Methods

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 4 mins read

Cross-Media Data Structure Drift: OpenResty XRay Enables 20x Performance Improvement

tutorial openresty-xray data-structure-drift

Performance Challenges and Breakthroughs
Practical Significance of 20x Performance Improvement
Future Outlook

Performance Challenges and Breakthroughs
Practical Significance of 20x Performance Improvement
Future Outlook

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

From OOM to O(1): The Implementation Path of Streaming JSON Parser

tutorial openresty-xray JSON

Differences between JSONL format and traditional JSON
Solution
Continuous optimization
Technical insights
verification

Differences between JSONL format and traditional JSON
Solution
Continuous optimization
Technical insights
verification

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

From Days to Hours: How OpenResty XRay Accelerated the Linux shred Tool by Dozens of Times

openresty-xray linux shred

Problem Analysis
OpenResty XRay Practical Results
Optimization Process
Application Value

Problem Analysis
OpenResty XRay Practical Results
Optimization Process
Application Value

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 4 mins read

Case Study: OpenResty XRay Doubles Ylang Compiler Performance

tutorial ylang openresty-xray analyzer

Case Study: OpenResty XRay Doubles Ylang Compiler Performance
Significant Optimization Results
Ylang Language: The Ideal Tool for Dynamic Tracing
A Model of Technical Synergy
Further Reading

Case Study: OpenResty XRay Doubles Ylang Compiler Performance
Significant Optimization Results
Ylang Language: The Ideal Tool for Dynamic Tracing
A Model of Technical Synergy
Further Reading

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 9 mins read

Analyzing CPU, off-CPU and Disk I/O Usage of Java Applications (Using OpenResty XRay)

openresty-xray java memory cpu

High CPU usage issues in Java applications
CPU blocking issues in Java applications
High disk I/O issues in Java applications
Supported Java versions and operating systems
Performance impact and overhead
Future plans

High CPU usage issues in Java applications
CPU blocking issues in Java applications
High disk I/O issues in Java applications
Supported Java versions and operating systems
Performance impact and overhead
Future plans

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 7 mins read

Introduction to OpenResty XRay Mobile Apps

tutorial openresty-xray mobile app

Download and install OpenResty XRay for Android
Sign into OpenResty XRay
Automatic analysis report
View the performance chart data on the dashboard page
Guided analysis feature
What is OpenResty XRay

Download and install OpenResty XRay for Android
Sign into OpenResty XRay
Automatic analysis report
View the performance chart data on the dashboard page
Guided analysis feature
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 26 mins read

The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 1 of 3)

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray

Dynamic Tracing
What It Is
Too Good to be True?
How it Works
Still Having Doubts?
The Advantages of Dynamic Tracing
DTrace
SystemTap
DTrace and SystemTap
Applications of SystemTap in Production

Dynamic Tracing
What It Is
Too Good to be True?
How it Works
Still Having Doubts?
The Advantages of Dynamic Tracing
DTrace
SystemTap
DTrace and SystemTap
Applications of SystemTap in Production

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 15 mins read

The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 2 of 3)

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray

Flame Graphs
Methodology
Knowledge Is Power
Open-Source and Debug Symbols

Flame Graphs
Methodology
Knowledge Is Power
Open-Source and Debug Symbols

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 7 mins read

The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 3 of 3)

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray

Dynamic Tracing Support in Linux Kernels
Hardware Tracing
Analyze Remains of Dead Process
Traditional Debugging Technologies
A Messy World of Debugging
OpenResty XRay

Dynamic Tracing Support in Linux Kernels
Hardware Tracing
Analyze Remains of Dead Process
Traditional Debugging Technologies
A Messy World of Debugging
OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 27, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 27, 2025 6 mins read

Resolving Bilibili’s major site incident with OpenResty XRay

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray bilibili

The incident
Process of resolution
Hardening after the incident
OpenResty XRay Services

The incident
Process of resolution
Hardening after the incident
OpenResty XRay Services

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 3 mins read

Memory Reduced by 60%, OpenResty XRay Precisely Locates Problem Code, Quickly Completes Fixes and Deployment

tutorial ylang openresty-xray analyzer

High Memory Usage by Worker Processes
Analysis Process
Questions about Worker Process Memory Not Being Released

High Memory Usage by Worker Processes
Analysis Process
Questions about Worker Process Memory Not Being Released

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Install OpenResty XRay’s Agents on Kubernetes cluster

tutorial openresty-xray k8s Agent install

Logging in to the Console
Installing the Agent on Kubernetes cluster
Configuring and Detecting Applications
Initiating Analyzers and Viewing Insights
Install Another Agent
What is OpenResty XRay

Logging in to the Console
Installing the Agent on Kubernetes cluster
Configuring and Detecting Applications
Initiating Analyzers and Viewing Insights
Install Another Agent
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 4 mins read

Install OpenResty XRay’s Agents on Amazon Linux via Package Bundles

tutorial openresty-xray Amazon-linux2 Agent install

Logging in to the Console
Installing the Agent via Bundle Packages
Configuring and Detecting Applications
Initiating Analyzers and Viewing Insights
Install Another Agent
What is OpenResty XRay

Logging in to the Console
Installing the Agent via Bundle Packages
Configuring and Detecting Applications
Initiating Analyzers and Viewing Insights
Install Another Agent
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Install OpenResty XRay’s Agents on Ubuntu via Deb Packages

tutorial openresty-xray Ubuntu Agent install

Logging in to the Console
Installing the Agent via Deb Packages
Checking the Agent Status and Logs
Configuring and Detecting Applications
Initiating Analyzers and Viewing Insights
Install Another Agent
What is OpenResty XRay

Logging in to the Console
Installing the Agent via Deb Packages
Checking the Agent Status and Logs
Configuring and Detecting Applications
Initiating Analyzers and Viewing Insights
Install Another Agent
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 4 mins read

Install OpenResty XRay’s Agents on CentOS via RPM Packages

tutorial openresty-xray CentOS Agent install

Logging in to the Console
Installing the Agent via RPM Packages
Checking the Agent Status and Logs
Configuring and Detecting Applications
Initiating Analyzers and Viewing Insights
Install Another Agent
What is OpenResty XRay

Logging in to the Console
Installing the Agent via RPM Packages
Checking the Agent Status and Logs
Configuring and Detecting Applications
Initiating Analyzers and Viewing Insights
Install Another Agent
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

How to deploy the on-premises version of OpenResty XRay on Microsoft's Azure cloud

tutorial openresty-xray azure

Create a subscription and a resource group
Create the Azure Kubernetes service
Prepare the environment variables
Log in to Azure from the command line
Create the namespace and secret for Kubernetes
Create the Azure Disk
Update the configuration file for the persistent volume
Update the Kubernetes configuration file
Create the persistent volume
Deploy the Kubernetes service
Configure the application gateway

Create a subscription and a resource group
Create the Azure Kubernetes service
Prepare the environment variables
Log in to Azure from the command line
Create the namespace and secret for Kubernetes
Create the Azure Disk
Update the configuration file for the persistent volume
Update the Kubernetes configuration file
Create the persistent volume
Deploy the Kubernetes service
Configure the application gateway

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

Pinpointing the Hottest Go Code Paths with High Disk I/O (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray go golang disk I/O

Problem: high disk I/O
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the problematic Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high disk I/O
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the problematic Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

How to Locate Exceptions inside Go Applications (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray Go Exceptions

How to detect and analyze exceptions inside live Go applications
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

How to detect and analyze exceptions inside live Go applications
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

Pinpointing CPU-Hottest Go Code Paths Inside Prometheus (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray prometheus garbage collection go golang

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the CPU-hottest Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the CPU-hottest Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

How CPU Time is Spent inside Go’s CockroachDB (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray cpu Go CockroachDB

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the most CPU-intensive Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the most CPU-intensive Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Performance Overhead of OpenResty XRay when Tracing Go Apps

tutorial openresty-xray go overhead

Process Performance Before Running Analysis
Performance Impact When the Analyzer is Running
Impact Measurement on Throughput and Latency
What is OpenResty XRay

Process Performance Before Running Analysis
Performance Impact When the Analyzer is Running
Impact Measurement on Throughput and Latency
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 4 mins read

Dynamic-Tracing Custom Go Programs with Custom Ylang Analyzers (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray ylang analyzer Go

Insert two key-value Pairs into a Go Variable
Write a Customize Ylang Analyzer to Dynamically Trace the Go program
Test the Results
What is OpenResty XRay

Insert two key-value Pairs into a Go Variable
Write a Customize Ylang Analyzer to Dynamically Trace the Go program
Test the Results
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

How CPU time is spent inside Go's etcd server (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray go cpu etcd

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Find Blocking Go Code Paths Holding back CPU Usage (Using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray go cpu

Problem: low CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the blocking Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: low CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the blocking Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Pinpointing the hottest Go code paths with high CPU usage (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray go cpu

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest Go code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Pinpointing the Python Code Paths with High Disk I/O (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray python disk I/O

Problem: high disk I/O
Spot the problematic Python code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high disk I/O
Spot the problematic Python code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Performance Impact of OpenResty XRay when Tracing Python Apps (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray python overhead

Process Performance Before Running Analysis
Performance Impact When the Analyzer is Running
Impact Measurement on Throughput and Latency
What is OpenResty XRay

Process Performance Before Running Analysis
Performance Impact When the Analyzer is Running
Impact Measurement on Throughput and Latency
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Find the largest Python objects or values taking the most RAM (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray python memory

Problem: high memory usage
Use the guided analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to find the largest Python objects or values taking the most RAM
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high memory usage
Use the guided analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to find the largest Python objects or values taking the most RAM
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Pinpointing the blocking Python code paths (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray python off-cpu

Problem: low CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the blocking Python code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: low CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the blocking Python code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 7 mins read

Analyzing Tomcat Java Web Application Request Latency (Using OpenResty XRay)

openresty-xray java tomcat latency performance

Analyzing Tomcat Java Web application request latency
Flexible filtering conditions for request capture
Detailed request information capture
PCAP packet capture functionality
Practical application examples

Analyzing Tomcat Java Web application request latency
Flexible filtering conditions for request capture
Detailed request information capture
PCAP packet capture functionality
Practical application examples

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

How to Trace Exceptions inside Perl Applications (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray Perl Exceptions

How to detect and analyze exceptions inside Perl applications
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

How to detect and analyze exceptions inside Perl applications
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

Find Blocking Perl Code Paths Holding back CPU Usage (Using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray perl off-cpu

Problem: low CPU usage
Use the guided analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the blocking Perl code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay
About The Author

Problem: low CPU usage
Use the guided analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the blocking Perl code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay
About The Author

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Performance Overhead of OpenResty XRay when Tracing Perl Apps

tutorial openresty-xray perl overhead

Process Performance Before Running Analysis
Performance Impact When the Analyzer is Running
Impact Measurement on Throughput and Latency
What is OpenResty XRay

Process Performance Before Running Analysis
Performance Impact When the Analyzer is Running
Impact Measurement on Throughput and Latency
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Locate Large Memory Objects inside Perl Processes (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray perl memory

Problem: high memory usage
Use the guided analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to find the largest Perl objects or values taking the most RAM
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high memory usage
Use the guided analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to find the largest Perl objects or values taking the most RAM
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Pinpointing hottest Perl code paths (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray perl cpu

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest Perl code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest Perl code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Pinpointing the Hottest Rust Code Paths with High Disk I/O (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray rust disk I/O

Problem: high disk I/O
Spot the problematic Rust code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high disk I/O
Spot the problematic Rust code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 4 mins read

How to Locate Exceptions inside Rust Applications (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray Rust Exceptions

How to detect and analyze exceptions inside live Rust applications
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

How to detect and analyze exceptions inside live Rust applications
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Performance Impact of OpenResty XRay when Tracing Rust Apps (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray rust overhead

Process Performance Before Running Analysis
Performance Impact When the Analyzer is Running
Impact Measurement on Throughput and Latency
What is OpenResty XRay

Process Performance Before Running Analysis
Performance Impact When the Analyzer is Running
Impact Measurement on Throughput and Latency
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

How CPU time is spent inside Rust’s Sled library (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray cpu Sled Rust

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the most CPU-intensive Rust code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the most CPU-intensive Rust code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 7 mins read

Use C++ to Dynamic-Trace C++ Applications

stl c++ ebpf openresty-xray dynamic-tracing

Setting Up the Target C++ Program
Crafting the C++ (or Y++) Analyzer
Operationalizing the Target and Analyzer
Advancing Support for Complex C++ Applications
About the Debug Symbols

Setting Up the Target C++ Program
Crafting the C++ (or Y++) Analyzer
Operationalizing the Target and Analyzer
Advancing Support for Complex C++ Applications
About the Debug Symbols

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

Pinpointing the hottest Erlang code paths with high CPU usage (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray Erlang CPU

Problem: high CPU usage
Spot the CPU-hottest Erlang code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high CPU usage
Spot the CPU-hottest Erlang code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Analyze OpenResty/Nginx Applications without Debug Symbols (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray debug-symbol nodwarf

Problem: Debug Symbols are missing
Automatically Analyze and Rebuild Debug Symbols
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: Debug Symbols are missing
Automatically Analyze and Rebuild Debug Symbols
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 7 mins read

Automatic Core Dump Analysis (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray core dump dynamic tracing eBPF

Check the core dump file
Use the guided analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to analyze the core file
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Check the core dump file
Use the guided analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to analyze the core file
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

How CPU Time is Spent inside Envoy Servers (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray CPU Envoy

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the most CPU-intensive C++ code paths inside Envoy Servers
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the most CPU-intensive C++ code paths inside Envoy Servers
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

How to Diagnose HTTP 504 Timeout Errors using OpenResty XRay

tutorial openresty-xray 504 timeout

Problem: HTTP 504 gateway timeout errors
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to diagnose these errors
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: HTTP 504 gateway timeout errors
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to diagnose these errors
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

How Python Django's Application Uses Memory Internally (Using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray python memory django

Problem: high memory usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to analyze the django application
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high memory usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to analyze the django application
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

How CPU time is spent inside llama.cpp + LLaMA2 (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray LLM cpu generative-AI llama2 llama.cpp profiling AI

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest C++ code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest C++ code paths
Automatic analysis and reports
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Two bugs in Linux kernels' tracing subsystem (found by OpenResty XRay)

openresty-xray dynamic-tracing linux-kernel bugs

Kernel deadlocks in user-space memory reading
Data races in x86 breakpoint insertion of the kernel
What is OpenResty XRay

Kernel deadlocks in user-space memory reading
Data races in x86 breakpoint insertion of the kernel
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Pinpointing hottest Lua code paths in online OpenResty/Nginx servers (using OpenResty XRay)

tutorial openresty-xray lua cpu

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest Lua code paths
Automatic analysis and reports

Problem: high CPU usage
Use the guidede analysis feature of OpenResty XRay to spot the hottest Lua code paths
Automatic analysis and reports

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

How we solved a CPU bottleneck caused by Lua exceptions in a custom Kong plugin (using OpenResty XRay)

openresty-xray exceptions lua kong nginx cpu openresty

The problem: high CPU usage in Kong servers
The analysis & report
The result: improved performance and reduced CPU usage

The problem: high CPU usage in Kong servers
The analysis & report
The result: improved performance and reduced CPU usage

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 7 mins read

Memory and CPU usage statistics among Kong plugins online (using OpenResty XRay)

openresty-xray kong nginx openresty lua memory cpu

CPU usage among all Kong plugins in a server process
Memory usage among all Kong plugins in a server process
Extra overhead for the servers

CPU usage among all Kong plugins in a server process
Memory usage among all Kong plugins in a server process
Extra overhead for the servers

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 5 mins read

Troubleshooting the extra 200-ms request latency online

openresty-xray latency network smarkt-packet-capture nginx openresty

The Problem
The Analsysis Process
Fully-automated analysis
What is OpenResty XRay

The Problem
The Analsysis Process
Fully-automated analysis
What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

Pinpointing leaked Lua tables with OpenResty XRay's command-line tools

openresty memory-leak openresty-xray case-study

How LuaJIT manages memory
OpenResty XRay’s command-line tools
An leaking example
Analysis procedure
lj-gco-ref analyzer
Fully-automated analysis

How LuaJIT manages memory
OpenResty XRay’s command-line tools
An leaking example
Analysis procedure
lj-gco-ref analyzer
Fully-automated analysis

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 8 mins read

Real-Time Request Counting against Nginx Processes via YSQL

openresty-xray ysql nginx openresty

How to install the run-ysql tool
Count total requests served in real time
Filter out specific requests
Using YSQL in the Web Console
True non-invasive tracing

How to install the run-ysql tool
Count total requests served in real time
Filter out specific requests
Using YSQL in the Web Console
True non-invasive tracing

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 6 mins read

When Lua IPC Pipes Block OpenResty or Nginx's Event Loops

openresty-xray nginx lua openresty off-cpu

The Problem
Analyses
Solutions
Results

The Problem
Analyses
Solutions
Results

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 8 mins read

Optimize Memory Fragmentation due to Huge Nginx Configuration

openresty-xray reports cdn nginx openresty memory-fragmentation

Challenges
Analyses
Solutions
Results

Challenges
Analyses
Solutions
Results

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 11 mins read

Tracing the Slowest PCRE Regular Expressions in OpenResty or Nginx Processes

openresty regexes openresty-xray dynamic-tracing nginx

System Environment
Narrowing Down the Culprit without Guessing
Limiting the execution overhead of PCRE
Non-Backtracking Regular Expression Engines
Lua’s Builtin Patterns
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

System Environment
Narrowing Down the Culprit without Guessing
Limiting the execution overhead of PCRE
Non-Backtracking Regular Expression Engines
Lua’s Builtin Patterns
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 9 mins read

Listing Loaded Lua Modules in OpenResty or Nginx Processes

ylua openresty-xray openresty nginx lua dynamic-tracing

System Environment
Names of Loaded Lua Modules
Running Directly in the Web Console
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

System Environment
Names of Loaded Lua Modules
Running Directly in the Web Console
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 12 mins read

Analyzing the Most CPU-Consuming Requests in OpenResty or Nginx

openresty tutorial cpu nginx openresty-xray ysql

System Environment
CPU-Hottest Request Hostnames
CPU-Hottest Request URIs
Digging Deeper
Running Directly in the Web Console
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

System Environment
CPU-Hottest Request Hostnames
CPU-Hottest Request URIs
Digging Deeper
Running Directly in the Web Console
Tracing Applications inside Containers
How The Tools are Implemented
The Overhead of the Tools

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 14 mins read

Ylang: Universal Language for eBPF, Stap+, GDB, and More (Part 4 of 4)

ylang openresty-xray dynamic-tracing

Transparent Container Tracing
Efficient Stack Unwinding
Analyzing Dead Processes (Core Dumps)
Very Low Tracing Overhead
Standard Ylang Libraries & Tools
Network Filtering & Control
The Ylang Compiler’s Implementation
Operating System Support
Contributions to Open-Source Communities

Transparent Container Tracing
Efficient Stack Unwinding
Analyzing Dead Processes (Core Dumps)
Very Low Tracing Overhead
Standard Ylang Libraries & Tools
Network Filtering & Control
The Ylang Compiler’s Implementation
Operating System Support
Contributions to Open-Source Communities

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 10 mins read

Ylang: Universal Language for eBPF, Stap+, GDB, and More (Part 3 of 4)

ylang openresty-xray dynamic-tracing

The Language Syntax (Continued)
- String Literals
- Built-in Regex Support
- Full Control-Flow Support
- Floating-Point Number Support
- Compared to Open-Source Toolchains
Transparent Debug Symbol Handling
- Debug Symbols: No Runtime Overhead
- Centralized Package Database
- Fuzzy Matching Debug Symbols

The Language Syntax (Continued)
- String Literals
- Built-in Regex Support
- Full Control-Flow Support
- Floating-Point Number Support
- Compared to Open-Source Toolchains
Transparent Debug Symbol Handling
- Debug Symbols: No Runtime Overhead
- Centralized Package Database
- Fuzzy Matching Debug Symbols

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 14 mins read

Ylang: Universal Language for eBPF, Stap+, GDB, and More (Part 2 of 4)

ylang openresty-xray dynamic-tracing

The Language Syntax (Continued)
- Macros with Extensions
- Tracer and Tracee Spaces
- Probes
- Extended Variable Types

The Language Syntax (Continued)
- Macros with Extensions
- Tracer and Tracee Spaces
- Probes
- Extended Variable Types

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 14 mins read

Ylang: Universal Language for eBPF, Stap+, GDB, and More (Part 1 of 4)

ylang openresty-xray dynamic-tracing

What is Dynamic Tracing
Why the “Y” Name
Getting Started
Various Backends and Runtimes
Why a Unified Frontend Language
The Language Syntax

What is Dynamic Tracing
Why the “Y” Name
Getting Started
Various Backends and Runtimes
Why a Unified Frontend Language
The Language Syntax

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 19 mins read

Introduction to Lua-Land CPU Flame Graphs

nginx openresty lua cpu openresty-xray dynamic-tracing

What is a Flame Graph
Simple Lua samples
Complicated Lua applications
Sampling overhead
Safety
Compatibility
Other types of Lua-land Flame Graphs

What is a Flame Graph
Simple Lua samples
Complicated Lua applications
Sampling overhead
Safety
Compatibility
Other types of Lua-land Flame Graphs

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 10 mins read

Memory Fragmentation in OpenResty and Nginx's Shared Memory Zones

nginx openresty memory openresty-xray dynamic-tracing

An empty zone
Filling entries of similar sizes
Deleting odd-numbered keys
Deleting the keys in the first half
Mitigating Fragmentation

An empty zone
Filling entries of similar sizes
Deleting odd-numbered keys
Deleting the keys in the first half
Mitigating Fragmentation

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 13 mins read

How OpenResty and Nginx Shared Memory Zones Consume RAM

nginx openresty memory openresty-xray dynamic-tracing

Slabs and pages
What is allocated is not what is paid for
Fake Memory Leaks
HUP reload

Slabs and pages
What is allocated is not what is paid for
Fake Memory Leaks
HUP reload

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 11 mins read

How OpenResty and Nginx Allocate and Manage Memory

nginx openresty memory luajit openresty-xray dynamic-tracing

On The System Level
On The Application Level
For Traditional Nginx Servers

On The System Level
On The Application Level
For Traditional Nginx Servers

OpenResty XRay Jun 17, 2025

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 17, 2025 16 mins read

The LuaJIT GC64 Mode

luajit openresty memory openresty-xray

The Old Memory Limit
- When Hitting The Memory Limit
- The Memory Limit Is Per Process
- GC-Managed Memory
- Memory Allocated Outside GC
- Extending The x64 Mode to The 4 GB Limit
The New GC64 Mode
- How to Enable The GC64 Mode
- Performance Impact
- Debugging and Profiling Tool Chains

The Old Memory Limit
- When Hitting The Memory Limit
- The Memory Limit Is Per Process
- GC-Managed Memory
- Memory Allocated Outside GC
- Extending The x64 Mode to The 4 GB Limit
The New GC64 Mode
- How to Enable The GC64 Mode
- Performance Impact
- Debugging and Profiling Tool Chains