OpenResety Edge Aug 10, 2026

OpenResety Edge Updated Aug 10, 2026 7 mins read

How to Enable Sticky Cookies in OpenResty Edge (Session Affinity)

tutorial openresty-edge cookie

• How sticky cookies keep session affinity in OpenResty Edge
• Enable sticky cookies for an upstream (server-level)
• Test that every request hits the same backend
• Disable sticky cookies and return to round robin
• Test again and watch traffic spread across backends
• Frequently asked questions

OpenResety Edge Jun 26, 2026

OpenResety Edge Updated Jun 26, 2026 5 mins read

How to use standard dynamic metrics in OpenResty Edge

tutorial openresty-edge metrics monitor

• Introduction to dynamic metrics
• Enable standard dynamic metrics for the sample application
• Test
• Standard dynamic metrics of openresty.org

OpenResety Edge Jun 26, 2026

OpenResety Edge Updated Jun 26, 2026 6 mins read

Managing traffic to Kubernetes (K8s) upstreams in OpenResty Edge

tutorial openresty-edge kubernetes upstream

• How to create and use Kubernetes upstream
  • Create Kubernetes cluster
  • Create Kubernetes upstream
  • Create a page rule that uses Kubernetes upstream
  • Test

OpenResty XRay Jun 26, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 26, 2026 6 mins read

How to deploy the on-premises version of OpenResty XRay on Microsoft's Azure cloud

tutorial openresty-xray azure

• Create a subscription and a resource group
• Create the Azure Kubernetes service
• Prepare the environment variables
• Log in to Azure from the command line
• Create the namespace and secret for Kubernetes
• Create the Azure Disk
• Update the configuration file for the persistent volume
• Update the Kubernetes configuration file
• Create the persistent volume
• Deploy the Kubernetes service
• Configure the application gateway

OpenResety Edge Jun 26, 2026

OpenResety Edge Updated Jun 26, 2026 5 mins read

Configure distributed gRPC proxy in OpenResty Edge

tutorial openresty-edge proxy grpc

• gRPC sample server and sample service
• Use the gRPC server as an upstream
• Test the gRPC service

OpenResety Edge Aug 4, 2026

OpenResety Edge Updated Aug 4, 2026 7 mins read

OpenResty Edge WAF: Enable, Test, and Block Attacks

tutorial openresty-edge waf

• Enable the WAF for an Application in Log-Only Mode
• Send a Test Attack and Review the WAF Logs
• Disable and Re-enable Individual WAF Rules
• Add a WAF Whitelist to Save CPU Cycles
• Return 403 on a WAF Hit: Sensitivity and Risk-Score Thresholds
• Verify the 403 Block in the WAF Logs
• Create Your Own WAF Rule Set in EdgeLang
• FAQ: WAF on OpenResty

OpenResety Edge Jun 26, 2026

OpenResety Edge Updated Jun 26, 2026 5 mins read

The EdgeLang DSL in OpenResty Edge

tutorial openresty-edge proxy

• Introduction to Edgelang
• Add a page rule defined using Edgelang
• Test
• Modify the Edgelang definition of the page rule
• Define WAF rules using Edgelang
• Edgelang user manual

OpenResty Open Source Aug 24, 2026

OpenResty Open Source Updated Aug 24, 2026 2 mins read

OpenResty 1.21.4.2 RC1 is out

openresty releases

• Source package
• Windows binary packages
• Version highlights

OpenResety Edge Jun 26, 2026

OpenResety Edge Updated Jun 26, 2026 5 mins read

How to pass the real client IP addresses to backend servers via special request headers

tutorial openresty-edge

• Set up page rules for applications
• Test

OpenResty XRay Aug 14, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 14, 2026 7 mins read

Lua io.popen Blocks Nginx's Event Loop: A 150x Throughput Fix

openresty-xray nginx lua off-cpu

• The Problem: 130 req/sec
• How OpenResty XRay Found the Blocking
• Nonblocking Alternatives to io.popen
• Results: 7x and 150x
• FAQ

OpenResty XRay Aug 6, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 6, 2026 26 mins read

The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 1 of 3)

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray

• Dynamic Tracing
• What It Is
• Too Good to be True?
• How it Works
• Still Having Doubts?
• The Advantages of Dynamic Tracing
• DTrace
• SystemTap
• DTrace and SystemTap
• Applications of SystemTap in Production

OpenResty XRay Jun 26, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 26, 2026 15 mins read

The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 2 of 3)

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray

• Flame Graphs
• Methodology
• Knowledge Is Power
• Open-Source and Debug Symbols

OpenResty XRay Jun 26, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 26, 2026 6 mins read

The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 3 of 3)

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray

• Dynamic Tracing Support in Linux Kernels
• Hardware Tracing
• Analyze Remains of Dead Process
• Traditional Debugging Technologies
• A Messy World of Debugging
• OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Jul 7, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Jul 7, 2026 8 mins read

Nginx Memory Doubles After Reload? Here's Why (and the Fix)

openresty-xray reports cdn nginx memory-fragmentation

• Challenges
• Analyses
• Solutions
• Results

OpenResty XRay Jun 18, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 18, 2026 1 min read

New FAQ Doc for OpenResty XRay

openresty-xray faq

We recently prepared a new FAQ document for OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Aug 24, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 24, 2026 11 mins read

Automatic Analysis Reports in OpenResty XRay

openresty-xray reports

• The Past
• The Present
• The Future

OpenResty XRay Aug 24, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 24, 2026 8 mins read

How a Single "0" Took Down Bilibili — Every Server at 100% CPU, and Reboots Didn't Help

dynamic-tracing openresty-xray bilibili

• The Platform Behind Hundreds of Millions of Streams
• The July 2021 Bilibili Outage: When Rebooting Doesn’t Help
• Finding the Root Cause with CPU Flame Graphs
• One Type Mismatch, Entire System Down

OpenResty XRay Aug 24, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 24, 2026 11 mins read

Nginx Regex Performance: Find Slow Patterns with Dynamic Tracing

regex openresty-xray dynamic-tracing nginx

• Prerequisites and Setup
• Locate Slow Regex with CPU Flame Graphs
• Performance After Regex Optimization
• Limit PCRE Backtracking with lua_regex_match_limit
• Non-Backtracking Engines: RE2 and OpenResty Regex
• Lua Built-in Patterns as a Regex Alternative
• Trace Regex Performance in Docker and Kubernetes
• How the Dynamic-Tracing Tools Work
• Tool Overhead: Zero Impact When Not Sampling
• FAQ: Nginx Regex Performance

OpenResty XRay Jun 26, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 26, 2026 9 mins read

Listing Loaded Lua Modules in OpenResty or Nginx Processes

ylua openresty-xray nginx lua dynamic-tracing

• System Environment
• Names of Loaded Lua Modules
• Running Directly in the Web Console
• Tracing Applications inside Containers
• How The Tools are Implemented
• The Overhead of the Tools

OpenResty XRay Aug 24, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 24, 2026 13 mins read

Nginx High CPU Usage: Find Which Requests Consume the Most CPU

tutorial cpu nginx openresty-xray ysql

• Prerequisites and Environment Setup
• Find Which Request Hostname Uses the Most CPU
• Find Which Request URI Uses the Most CPU
• Digging Deeper: Why Some Hostnames Use More CPU
• Running the Tools in the Web Console
• Tracing Nginx CPU Usage Inside Containers
• How the CPU Profiling Tools Work
• The Overhead of the Profiling Tools
• Frequently Asked Questions