Featured Articles

Photo by Yichun Zhang
dynamic-tracing
...
openresty-xray bilibili
8 mins read

How a Single "0" Took Down Bilibili — Every Server at 100% CPU, and Reboots Didn't Help

How a Single "0" Took Down Bilibili — Every Server at 100% CPU, and Reboots Didn't Help

Binary Vulnerability Scanning: Catch Backported Patches, Cut False Positives
security
...
vulnerability openresty-xray cve
10 mins read

Binary Vulnerability Scanning: Catch Backported Patches, Cut False Positives

Binary Vulnerability Scanning: Catch Backported Patches, Cut False Positives

Introduction to OpenResty XRay
openresty-xray
...
nginx
6 mins read

Introduction to OpenResty XRay

Introduction to OpenResty XRay

Nginx Reverse Proxy QPS Dropped 15x: A Missing upstream keepalive and an -O0 Debug Build
openresty-xray
...
case-study lua nginx off-cpu
4 mins read

Nginx Reverse Proxy QPS Dropped 15x: A Missing upstream keepalive and an -O0 Debug Build

Nginx Reverse Proxy QPS Dropped 15x: A Missing upstream keepalive and an -O0 Debug Build

Non-Invasive Java Profiler: Capture Method Arguments in Production Without a Java Agent
openresty-xray
...
java probe
4 mins read

Non-Invasive Java Profiler: Capture Method Arguments in Production Without a Java Agent

Non-Invasive Java Profiler: Capture Method Arguments in Production Without a Java Agent

Photo by Philip Brown
dynamic-tracing
...
openresty-xray
26 mins read

The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 1 of 3)

The Wonderland of Dynamic Tracing (Part 1 of 3)

Photo by Jose G. Ortega Castro
nginx
...
openresty memory openresty-xray dynamic-tracing
13 mins read

How OpenResty and Nginx Shared Memory Zones Consume RAM

How OpenResty and Nginx Shared Memory Zones Consume RAM

Photo by Harrison Broadbent
nginx
...
openresty memory luajit openresty-xray dynamic-tracing
13 mins read

Nginx Memory Usage Explained: Where the RAM Actually Goes

Nginx Memory Usage Explained: Where the RAM Actually Goes

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Latest Articles

OpenResty XRay Aug 28, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 28, 2026 7 mins read

Python Memory Profiler: Find the Largest Objects Eating RAM Without Code Changes

tutorial openresty-xray python memory
  • Find which Python process is using the most memory
  • Profile Python memory with guided analysis: find the largest objects and their modules
  • Automatically monitor Python memory usage with scheduled reports
  • What is OpenResty XRay
  • Find which Python process is using the most memory
  • Profile Python memory with guided analysis: find the largest objects and their modules
  • Automatically monitor Python memory usage with scheduled reports
  • What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Aug 24, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 24, 2026 7 mins read

Rust CPU Profiling: Find the Hottest Code Paths in Sled with OpenResty XRay

tutorial openresty-xray cpu sled rust profiling flame-graph
  • The problem: a Sled-based cache service using over 100% CPU
  • Profile the running Rust process with Guided Analysis
  • Read the Rust CPU flame graph: the #1 hottest code path
  • The #2 hottest code path: get_inner and view_for_key
  • Automatic Rust CPU analysis reports
  • Frequently asked questions
  • The problem: a Sled-based cache service using over 100% CPU
  • Profile the running Rust process with Guided Analysis
  • Read the Rust CPU flame graph: the #1 hottest code path
  • The #2 hottest code path: get_inner and view_for_key
  • Automatic Rust CPU analysis reports
  • Frequently asked questions

OpenResty XRay Aug 24, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 24, 2026 7 mins read

etcd High CPU Usage: Find the Hottest Go Code Paths with Flame Graphs

tutorial openresty-xray go cpu etcd
  • Symptom: etcd consuming over 70% of a CPU core
  • Use OpenResty XRay Guided Analysis to find the hottest Go code paths
  • Automatic etcd CPU monitoring and reports
  • What is OpenResty XRay
  • Symptom: etcd consuming over 70% of a CPU core
  • Use OpenResty XRay Guided Analysis to find the hottest Go code paths
  • Automatic etcd CPU monitoring and reports
  • What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Aug 24, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 24, 2026 7 mins read

llama.cpp CPU Usage: 400% CPU Traced to ggml Hot Functions

tutorial openresty-xray llm cpu generative-ai llama2 llama.cpp profiling ai
  • Running llama.cpp and Observing 400% CPU Usage
  • Profiling llama.cpp CPU Usage with OpenResty XRay
  • Findings: The Hottest C++ Code Paths
  • What is OpenResty XRay
  • Running llama.cpp and Observing 400% CPU Usage
  • Profiling llama.cpp CPU Usage with OpenResty XRay
  • Findings: The Hottest C++ Code Paths
  • What is OpenResty XRay

OpenResty XRay Aug 28, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 28, 2026 6 mins read

Go Off-CPU Analysis: Tracing a Running Process Stuck at 2% CPU to a Blocking Shell Call

tutorial openresty-xray go cpu
  • The symptom: Go service CPU usage stays low under load
  • Running off-CPU analysis on the live Go process with OpenResty XRay
  • Root cause: a blocking shell command at a single source line
  • Automatic analysis and reports
  • The symptom: Go service CPU usage stays low under load
  • Running off-CPU analysis on the live Go process with OpenResty XRay
  • Root cause: a blocking shell command at a single source line
  • Automatic analysis and reports

OpenResty XRay Aug 28, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 28, 2026 6 mins read

Python Process Stuck at 8% CPU: Off-CPU Analysis Traces a Blocking subprocess.run Call

tutorial openresty-xray python off-cpu
  • The symptom: Python process CPU usage stays low under heavy requests
  • Find the blocking Python code paths with OpenResty XRay’s Guided Analysis
  • Automatic analysis and reports in the Insights page
  • FAQ
  • What is OpenResty XRay
  • About The Author
  • The symptom: Python process CPU usage stays low under heavy requests
  • Find the blocking Python code paths with OpenResty XRay’s Guided Analysis
  • Automatic analysis and reports in the Insights page
  • FAQ
  • What is OpenResty XRay
  • About The Author

OpenResty XRay Aug 28, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 28, 2026 6 mins read

Lua High CPU Usage: Find the Hottest Lua Code Path in Nginx/OpenResty

tutorial openresty-xray lua cpu flame-graph profiling
  • The symptom: an Nginx worker process using almost 100% CPU
  • Find the hottest Lua code path with Guided Analysis
  • Monitor Lua CPU usage automatically with Insights reports
  • Frequently asked questions
  • The symptom: an Nginx worker process using almost 100% CPU
  • Find the hottest Lua code path with Guided Analysis
  • Monitor Lua CPU usage automatically with Insights reports
  • Frequently asked questions

OpenResty XRay Aug 24, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 24, 2026 6 mins read

Kong Plugin High CPU Usage: A Hidden Lua Exception Traced with Flame Graphs

openresty-xray exceptions lua kong nginx cpu
  • The problem: Kong plugin high CPU usage under light traffic
  • Finding the CPU bottleneck with an OpenResty XRay flame graph
  • The result: Kong CPU usage cut from 80% to 50%
Photo by Yichun Zhang
  • The problem: Kong plugin high CPU usage under light traffic
  • Finding the CPU bottleneck with an OpenResty XRay flame graph
  • The result: Kong CPU usage cut from 80% to 50%

OpenResty XRay Aug 24, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Aug 24, 2026 8 mins read

Find Leaked Lua Tables: the registry / _LOADED (package.loaded) Reference Path in OpenResty XRay

openresty memory-leak openresty-xray case-study
  • How LuaJIT manages memory
  • OpenResty XRay’s command-line tools
  • A leaking Lua table example
  • Breaking down memory by LuaJIT GC object type
  • Reading the lj-gco-ref flame graph: registry, _LOADED, package.loaded
  • Fully-automated Lua memory leak analysis
  • How LuaJIT manages memory
  • OpenResty XRay’s command-line tools
  • A leaking Lua table example
  • Breaking down memory by LuaJIT GC object type
  • Reading the lj-gco-ref flame graph: registry, _LOADED, package.loaded
  • Fully-automated Lua memory leak analysis

OpenResty XRay Jun 26, 2026

OpenResty XRay Updated Jun 26, 2026 8 mins read

Real-Time Request Counting against Nginx Processes via YSQL

openresty-xray ysql nginx
  • How to install the run-ysql tool
  • Count total requests served in real time
  • Filter out specific requests
  • Using YSQL in the Web Console
  • True non-invasive tracing
Photo by Yichun Zhang
  • How to install the run-ysql tool
  • Count total requests served in real time
  • Filter out specific requests
  • Using YSQL in the Web Console
  • True non-invasive tracing

OpenResty Edge Aug 28, 2026

OpenResty Edge Updated Aug 28, 2026 8 mins read

How to Configure an SNI Proxy in OpenResty Edge: Route TLS by SNI Hostname Without Decryption

tutorial openresty-edge sni proxy
  • Create an SNI Proxy stream application
  • Create upstreams and SNI Server Name page rules
  • Add an SNI Proxy port to the gateway partition
  • Test the SNI proxy with curl and a browser
  • Create an SNI Proxy stream application
  • Create upstreams and SNI Server Name page rules
  • Add an SNI Proxy port to the gateway partition
  • Test the SNI proxy with curl and a browser
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